Interior Design Architecture And Technology Cultural Studies Essay

Interior Design Architecture And Technology Cultural Studies Essay Nowadays, interior design become one of the most important works in the life, it can be define as a profession in relation to each what is going on within the space walls, windows, doors, finishes, textures, light, furnishings and furniture, the design of space inside homes and building such as choice of decor in other hand is the trade of planning the layout and furnishing of an architectural interior. It shows the art of the person and each design shows a particular person and has a distinctive design, even if it has more than one design, but there remains a personal touch shows the designer himself. Interior design is not far removed from the architecture, but is associated entirely. It cannot build without a design from the inside and it cannot also design the building internally without external. Architecture is for us a collective term for the material environment, for interior design, surface engineering, infrastructure, urban planning, landscape and region, but also for their construction and appropriation, for planning, construction, and inhabiting. Theory of architecture is a survey of the built environment by its inhabitants. But we will talk about something different; we will talk about Japanese houses and building that it is famous in its architectural and decorative and we will sort them by the date. There are lot kinds of houses and interiors in Japan. Yamamotos minka is great example, which was functional and built of study local materials. Such a house can be generally divided into two distinct zones. First zone it is the entrance area is called Doma. the sceond zone is the farmhouse usually stands on wooden plinth and includes the living area and bedrooms. another kind is Tsai houses are located in the countryside. In the house there is Tatami, it is used in Japanese style, made from plants and placed on the rooms ground, but it cant place furnitures like chairs and beds because it damage the Tatami. The city of Tokyo, one of the most populated areas civilization on the planet, Tokyo contains a large number of population of some 33 million people and a high percentage of architecture, although the Tokyo dating back to the 17 century to 19 century until it became the capital of Japan, but what little remains of the original architecture because of two: the occurrence of an earthquake in 1923 and World War II, which affected much of the population down to half. Economic development in Tokyo after the war has to show a new city, and vast in area, a magnificent architectural and this remains with the original planning of the ancient city. First, in 2000: Small jewelry store ete is located on the Kotto Dori, is a commercial street of old shops that now contains contemporary decor and breathtaking scenery bright and has done so in the design simple and clear powered lighting: and have been using green light on surfaces instead of using the green surfaces so This creates a sense of color is beautiful, and the impact of hidden in the dÃÆ' ©cor. Ete 2000 This new store for comme des garcons, in the elegant district of Aoyama represents the companys quest for a new concept in shopping premises. Instead of following the pattern of a predefined corporate image, as was the case with stores ten or twenty years ago, the firm now offers a space that can be adapted to every situation, in which design is expressed through a number of subtle nuances. Distorted geometrical forms, bright colors and an austere backdrop are the key elements of this project. Comme des Garcons 2000 Second, in 2001: The designer Issey Miyake that created the new brand name Me Issey Miyake produces only T-shirt made of flexible materials, and thus, is worn by anyone, the concept of this production is applied to the design of the shop, and it has been to maximize the use of available scarce. Me Issey Miyake 2001 Interior design of the Tag Heuer store hours was a find a space to reflect the contemporary, Their Excellencies and technology. Complexity and development of this place, the result of Continuous coating, which led to modernism and reduce lines, and so the customer finds many of the elements that show several meanings: the traditional use of wood in a modern way with the transparent glass plates, walls, and use the beauty of glass and twisted compact (2001) Tag Heuer 2001 Characterized by Street Giza busy supermarkets and malls have massive fronts and neon lights, unlike the street, but the interfaces of sheet metal and curved glass, and austerity. From the inside, however, visitors will see the developed world Merged with the details and equipment such as the auto show Nissan. Nissan gallery Ginza 2001 This project aimed to create an avant-grade, hi-tech look while overcoming the limitations of a narrow lot and preserve the traditional touch of the firm that commissioned the building. The cladding, consisting of prefabricated glass blocks measuring 18 X 18 inches specially made for this project, mark a bright, continuous separation between the tranquility of the interior and the bustle of Ginza, Tokyos most famous shopping district, A sophisticated and flexible articulated steel system was designed to prevent any damage from possible earthquakes. Maison Hermes 2001 the design of night club, in the heart of popular bar district of Shinjuku, had two main objectives, one social and other strictly physical: on the one hand, to create a setting that encourages interaction between customers and waitresses, and, on the other, to conjure up an illusion of spaciousness on premises that are really of limited dimensions and low in height. Curved walls, bright colors and longitudinal perspectives are the main elements used to achieve the desired effect. Club Now 2001 This restaurant, which specializes in thick Japanese noodles, is designed to welcome several groups of guests, while offering each one a setting appropriate to their needs. The project is divided into three distinct areas. One revolves round large central table; a second is a high counter that overlooks the kitchen, while the third is n area with seats, ideally suited to meetings and small parties. Hrenochi Hare Sugamo 2001 Third, in 2002: The border between inside and outside, public and private Hamarek logic in central Tokyo, there is Dentsu tower consists of 48 floors, the line shows the ground until you feel it disappear in the sky, it designed a way that allows the sun to be reflected upon as encountered made of glass that causes for all day. Dentsu Tower 2002 The project of French high school in Tokyo, including the various structures of a portion of an extension, the original design of this school was complicated thing has caused some significant challenges, such harmony with neighboring structures, and integration with the original buildings and expand the free space of the school Building Construction sequence and to create a multi-purpose spaces on the basis of metal and glass structures. Extension of French Japanese High School 2002 This long, narrow basement in a building in the Ginza neighborhood was converted into a distinctive bar using the color red and mirrors as the main design elements. The entrance via a staircase lined with velvet drapes and red lights arouses the visitors curiosity. On the lower level, the space is arranged around a bar and three couches, in the form of a circular niche, that are reflected in the mirror at the far end. Cabaret 2002 Ginto occupies the fourth floor of a building devoted to commerce in Ikebukuro; it comprises a large restaurant divided into various spaces suited for single guests, couples or groups. The name Ginto, which means silver rabbit, served as a reference point in the design process. Silver is present in the main dining room, not only on the walls, furniture and decorative objects but also on the drapes made with silver beads that serve as dividing element. Ginto Restaurant 2002 The overriding aim of this bar is not very different from that of the majority of Tokyos nightspots: the creation of a restful, welcoming atmosphere that provides a relaxing break from the hubbub of the city. In the case of Lounge O, set in the exclusive Aoyama neighborhood, this purpose is fulfilled by means of delicate lighting that emphasizes the interplay of textures and colors in its interior. The main hall marked off into various areas by two glass boxes in the middle of the space that serve as lamps. Lounge 2002 The main characteristics of the brands on sale in this store a distinctive style, a mixture of materials or manufacturing techniques are also the guiding principles of the design of the space. These premises on the first floor of shopping mall in the fashionable Omotesando neighborhood have served as the backdrop for experimentation with the possibilities and combination of materials, with respect to both the proposals of those that existed in the original space. Addition 2002 The project for this hair salon sought to find a feeling of privacy in a space flooded with light that plays with the idea of transparency. The wooden floor in the waiting area combined with the restrained furnishing create an atmosphere more redolent of a hotel reception that a hair salon. The six blowups from Mapplethorpes series of baby Portraits clearly divide the space into three sections: the entrance and waiting area, the shampooing area and hairdressers proper. Bape Cuts 2002 This restaurant, which specializes in traditional Japanese cooking, provides a cozy refuge from the intense bustle outside. It is set on the first floor of a building in Shinjuku, Tokyos most important modern financial district; the atmosphere inside is reminiscent of a typical old-fashioned restaurant. The kitchen, set in the center, in full view of the customers, serve s an axis around which the various dining rooms are organized. The latter are characterized by the predominance of dark wood and soft lighting. Gensai-Ichijyo 2002 Forth, in 2003: Hakuju music hall gives a good feature to enjoy music Lech, not only that, but it has a strong and distinctive image to give the air a musician, but these outlines, it plans fiber glass and cement are the booster, which was used to wearing in the ceiling and walls gives high quality sound configuration optimization. Hakuju Hall 2003 Mars the salon aoyama, the design of this place focused on the creation of space and contains different compositional elements; these elements have been created through a variety of materials such as wood, glass, metals, and also create different effects of light and shade, and used the color white because the white color gives the feeling of calm and hygiene. Mars the Salon Aoyama 2003 the building can be analyzed from a wide range of conceptual and constructional viewpoints, The redefinition of shopping is perhaps most striking on its facade, reminiscent of a kaleidoscope, where the interior and exterior merge to enrich and from part of each other. Technical exploration and innovation are not only evident in this cladding, however, but are also seen in smaller details, such as the resin tables, silicone lamps and polyurethane benches. Parda Aoyama Epicenter 2003 The New Meguro Hotel, the original building used for this project, was put up 35 year ago a long time in a city like Tokyo, which has been devastated by numerous disasters. The surrounding area had become somewhat rundown, but when it was redeveloped the recovery of this distinctive building a necessity. The project conserved its original character but introduced modern touches in an attempt to give this hotel a homely feel. Hotel Claska 2003 This 58-floor multipurpose tower block is the centerpiece of a massive shopping and entertainment complex in the important, central district of Roppongi. Ità ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s includes offices, a hotel and a theater in base of the building and an extensive museum of contemporary art on the upper stories. The form of the tower and its cladding are derived from Japanese traditions, especially in the reproduction of natural forms by means of geometric patterns. Roppongi Hills 2003 The ASK Academy, belonging to Schwarzkopf, the Garman beauty products manufacturer, consists of a center intended for both training and assessment for customers. Its strategic position in the central neighborhood of Shiodome, coupled with the ample dimensions of the original premises, made it possible to create a comprehensive consultancy. Its design makes use of state-of-the-art materials and techniques to formulate an international, high-tech image, while also allowing great flexibility in the interior spaces, according to their particular purpose. ASK Tokyo 2003 The hairdressers is situated in the Odawara shopping district, on the outskirts of Tokyo. The narrowness of the access and front facade (a mere 10 ft wide) posed a significant design challenge. The project sought to take the fullest possible advantage of the space, emphasizing the interior perspective and continuity by means of gleaming surfaces and curved lines. The translucent glass partitions and furniture reduced to the basic essentials make the interior look bigger. Hair Salon Musee 2003 Fifth, in 2004: The design of this store located on the third floor of the Amara uses light as if it were a solid environment in space. And metals have been used to conceal the folded light, and this helped to light itself known within a store either mirrors and glass as affected in the light is reflected gives effect be felt vastly. M-premier Black 2004 This 20 story building rises up from the previous site of a department store in the Nihonbashi neighborhood, close to several of the citys historic monuments. The design proposes structure that is adapted to the surrounding low buildings and makes it possible to enjoy the expansive panoramic views of area of the area. The project comprises a shopping section in the form of a low, longitudinal volume, the stone-clad heart of the building and a vertical, transparent office block. Nihonbashi 1-chome building 2004 The main design challenge pose by this project for showroom was the creation of an attractive, flexible space with a compelling visual image suited to the display of objects typically found in hotels. The display is organized around a series of spinning objects, which serve as a platform for the exhibits while also being striking sculptural elements in their own right. The theatricality is enhanced by the contrast between the black background of the surroundings and the whiteness of the objects. Spinning Objects 2004 The designer Masamichi Katayama drew inspiration from the name of the brand inhabitant to create a space with references to a domestic setting. A table and a few chairs, rather than a counter, make a visitor feel at home, while a humorous touch is achieved with the sliding doors, which open automatically. To the rear, a stone garden flanked by mirrors and a picture of Mount Fuji, conjure up the feeling of an open space, even though it is in fact a basement. Inhabitant 2004 Sixth, in 2005: This project is a new addition to the list of corporate buildings designed by internationally recognized architects that have been springing up in Omotesando, Tokyos most exclusive commercial district. Its L shape is formed by a folded facade that architecturally interprets the branched structure of a tree. The various shapes produced by the concrete structure, and its great solidity, are emphasizes by hiding the window frames. TODS 2005 this patisserie -the first to be opened in Tokyo by famous pastry chef Pierre Herme is spread over two floors, each clearly defined by its character and interior design. The idea on the ground floor was to create a space that was luxurious while also being relaxed and cheerful, so it is dominated white decoration and bright light. In contrast, upper floor contains the Bar Chocolat, which strives for a highly glamorous setting based on dark colors, patterned glass and mirrors. Pierre herme 2005 In conclusion, interior design and architecture complete themselves, however it is a beautiful world when they fusion with technology.

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Factors that compelled Tesco to exit the Japanese Market?

Executive summary Tesco is the third largest retail company in the world after Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Carrefour SA. The paper provides an overview of Tesco PLC and its market expansion strategy in competitive markets, specifically Japan. The paper briefly provides information on Tesco’s entry into the Japanese retail market. It provides details of the factors that compelled Tesco to exit from the Japanese retail market. It is argued that other foreign retail companies had failed in the Japanese market primarily due to unique shopping habits of Japanese consumers. Synopsis of the Case study Tesco is a UK based retailer company founded in 1919 (Humby, 2008). The company is the third-largest in the world in terms of sales, behind Wal-Mart Stores Inc. of the United States (US) and Chain Carrefour SA of France (Humby, 2008). Tesco carried out extensive research spanning several years in its strategy to expand its market to other already established and emerging markets internationally. Tesco embarked on expansion, into new markets, establishing new stores in the US, entering emerging markets in Central Europe and Japan through acquisition and entering markets like South Korea and Malaysia through a joint measure (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). At the end of August 2011, Tesco announced its exit from Japan where it had entered the market through acquisition. Tesco’s exit from Japan was motivated by its failure to establish enough scalable business after its 8 years operation in Japan, the economic and demographic factors which have affected the purchasing trends among the Japanese, Japanese consumers switched from purchasing branded luxury products in Tesco stores and preferred more affordable private labels. In addition there were a series of food safety scares that hit the Japanese retail market and Tesco’s British business format. Additionally, Tesco failed to compete with department and supermarket stores in Japan. The paper critically assesses the factors that compelled Tesco to withdraw from the Japanese Market. The company has in excess of 500,000 employees in its chain stores around the word. Tesco aims at delivering a consistently strong customer offer based on each customer visit and transaction by focusing on the Group’s core business purpose. Tesco enjoys a 30% market share in the British grocery market making it the biggest player in retail business in the UK. Other players are Asda with 16.9% of the market, Sainsbury’s with 16.4%, Morrison’s with 11.5% and Co-op/Somerfield with 9.2% of the market s hare (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). Theoretical framework Tesco has expanded its presence to about 5400 chain stores operating in 14 markets outside the UK. The company has grown its business value and operations to become the third-largest retailer in the world behind Wal-Mart Stores Inc. of the US and France’s retail Chain Carrefour SA (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). Tesco’s main business focus is to expand its business in established markets and emerging markets around the world. With a focus to expand its business operations, Tesco operates about 1400 stores in Asian countries of Japan, China, Thailand, Malaysia and South Korea. Tesco began its expansion to the Asian market in 1998 when it acquired a 75% majority controlling in Thailand’s Lotus, a chain of 13 hypermarkets for 111 million British pounds. In March 1999, Tesco further expanded its business expansion strategy in the Asian market with a joint venture with Samsung in South Korea. In 2002, Tesco entered the Malaysian retail market through a joint ven ture with a local company called Sime Darby Behad (Tesco’s internal data, 2009) The collapse in asset values caused by financial crisis in the late 1990s significantly facilitated the company’s expansion in South-East Asia. Tesco expanded its market into the Japanese market in 2003 by acquiring a controlling interest in the C Two-Network Co, a discount supermarket chain. However, in September 2011, Tesco PLC took the decision to withdraw its retail business operations from the Japanese market and sold off its operations consisting of 129 chain stores. The stores were in the Tokyo area and other stores operating under the Tesco brand, Tesco Express and supermarkets under the Tsurukame brand. The supermarket sector in Japan is fiercely competitive and unprofitable. From the case study, it seems clear that Aeton and Itoh Yokado, the two largest supermarket groups in Japan are struggling to make profit even though they enjoy huge economies of scale. Tesco and other global supermarkets with their plentiful capital failed to successfully penetrate the Japanese market. Despite Tesco’s intending to offer low prices on bulky purchases, things did not turn out to be successful and eventually Tesco had to exit the market. Sogo and Seibu, a big-name in Japanese departmental stores failed to dig into the Japanese retail market. Tesco, and other foreign players like Carrefour and Wal-Mart moved to fill the gaps left by the ailing domestic retailers in the general merchandise store (GMS) segment by setting up their stores or forging an alliance with a domestic player. Despite the business strategy, Tesco and other foreign retailers struggles to successfully penetrate into the difficult Japanese market. Answer to the question. At the end of August 2011, Tesco announced its exit from Japan. The following are the factors that compelled Tesco to withdraw from the Japanese Market. Economic and demographic factors that have affected the purchasing trends among the Japanese. The Japanese grocery retail is a mature market valued at US$370 billion, and it’s the second largest in the world behind the US market. The Japanese grocery sales per capita boosts as the highest in the world at more than US$ 3,300 in a year. However, the market still remains troubled. A combination of economic and demographic factors have resulted in the grocery retail market slipping by 1.2% in 2004 (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). Since the bubble burst in early 1990s, the Japanese economy has been in the doldrums, followed by deflation in the consumer price in subsequent years. Since the economic downturn, consumer confidence has never fully recovered. In relation to demographic factors, the population growth has been stagnan t in recent years, resulting in diminished volume growth opportunity, in the retail market. The consumption patterns of the Japanese have changed along with the demographic shifts and varying lifestyles. The birth rate is declining and the population is ageing. High levels of unemployment have prompted people to migrate to city areas that provide more work options. The consequence is an increased demand for freshly prepared and convenience Japanese-style foods. The foods are readily available in at food halls and convenience stores in department stores. The Japanese masses have not widely embraced Western cuisines resulting in a bumpy ride and the eventual fallout of the both the domestic and foreign retailers such as Tesco. In July 2011, supermarket sales in Japan diminished by 1.2% overall to 1.05 trillion Yen. The fall has been recorded for the last 20 consecutive months based on a year-on-year comparison. In July 2011, a decline of -0.6% in food was recorded, -2.7% decline in ho usehold products, -0.8% decline in clothing, -1.7% decline in services and a decline of -3.3% in miscellaneous items (Tesco’s internal data, 2009). The statistics indicate that supermarket sales were dwindling, and Tesco found it hard to continue operating within such a difficult environment (Williamson, 2013). Tesco failed to establish enough scalable business after its 8 years operation in Japan. According to CEO, Philip Clarke, Japanese shopping habits were very different from those envisioned in business strategies and business processes of Tesco. According to Clarke, the British consumers enjoy carrying out a â€Å"big shop† once in a week since there is enough room to keep their shopping. In contrast, for many Japanese, space is premium and carrying out a big shop is not an option. Tesco, like other foreign retail companies, failed to adapt fully to the local shopping habits of the Japanese consumers. Consumers switching from branded luxury products in Tesco stor es to more affordable private labels. Despite the demand for staple food and household items remaining flat, some consumers switched from purchasing branded luxury products to private labels that are more affordable. However, the penetration of such private labels products has not been popular compared to branded products because the Japanese consumers are still conscious of the product brand of the item they purchase. A series of food safety scares hit the market. The outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in Japanese cows, use of non-approved additives in packaged foods and product origin being mislabeled eroded consumer confidence and caused a series of food safety scares in the grocery retail market. The British business format of Tesco failed to compete with department and supermarket stores in Japan. The people of Japan put much emphasis on the quality and freshness of food items. They, therefore, prefer to shop many times in a week instead of carrying out a single bulk shopping in a weekly basis. Departmental store food halls began offering high price but high quality foods while low priced standard food products were offered by supermarkets. Although discount stores started increasingly introducing fresh food product to encourage more customer visits, they were considered to be at the lower end of the market along with convenience stores. The small retail channels have increased their market share in recent years because the ir business format meets the Japanese consumers’ preference for shopping several times each week. They have also widened their range of services such as the provision of added-value services, bill-paying facilities, cash machines and delivery services. The small retail channels business format is in contrast with Tesco business format. As a result, Tesco faced a challenge of penetrating the highly competitive business segment. The Japanese people are highly demanding and fussy consumers who need to be provided with a wide selection of goods and foodstuffs. The Japanese consumers also value freshness of their produce, and they are likely to question of the stock in a hypermarket such as Tesco. Japanese consumers make frequent visits to many different stores per week instead of carrying out a one stop-shop within a single supermarket store. Conclusion In summary, the expansion strategy taken by Tesco into the Japanese market was a well-timed one. However, the Japanese market posed many difficulties which prevented Tesco penetrating the market and achieving profits. Despite that Tesco invested many resources and formulated strategies to gain the Japanese retail market, its failure to establish a business format to suit the Japanese consumers’ lifestyle envisaged its eventual exit. Other foreign retail companies such as Carrefour SA of France had failed to attain profit. Economic factors also led Tesco’s exit as consumers changed preference. The consumer patterns of the Japanese can be difficult to accommodate and formulate a business format to suit their demands and lifestyle. References Humby C, et al. (2008) Scoring Points: How Tesco Continues to Win Customer Loyalty. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Tesco’s internal data, 2009 (www.tesco.com) Williamson C, et al. (2013) Strategic Management and Business Analysis. London: Routledge.

History, And Development Of Human Culture - 1831 Words

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The partition to certain events fro m people’s life do in fact merge to that of a certain culture and how it came to be that. That certain event has been practiced though out history. This is why I chosen to do my Cultural Event on Starbucks consumers and what is it that triggers them to meet their with friend and others so frequently. Starbucks is a well-known coffee company especially in the United States. Starbucks has been round since 1971, but when it first opened it would only be a single store in Seattle where it isShow MoreRelatedRepresentation Of Class And Class Struggle1166 Words   |  5 Pagesvalues of other cultures and the articulation of race in the historical development and Capitalism. Thus they assert that the past, and present practices and histories of other races, cultures’ and cultures practices thwart the totalizing attempt of the earlier theorist like Gramsci and Bourdieu. 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